'Nederlanders roken per dag vijf si

'Nederlanders roken per dag vijf sigaretten mee door vervuilde lucht'
De vervuilde lucht die Nederlanders inademen staat gemiddeld gelijk aan vijf sigaretten per dag.
Milieudefensie is tot deze berekening gekomen door middel van 'wetenschappelijke modellen'. In Rotterdam zou de luchtkwaliteit het slechtst zijn en wordt daarom als 'Meerookhoofdstad' van Nederland benoemd.

Inwoners van Rotterdam zouden gemiddeld 6,7 sigaretten per dag meeroken. De havenstad wordt gevolgd door Rijswijk (6,6 sigaretten) en Schiedam (6,5 sigaretten).

De lucht in Amsterdam en Utrecht zit ongeveer op hetzelfde kwaliteitsniveau met een gemiddelde van 6,4 sigaretten per dag. De meest gezonde lucht is te vinden in de gemeente Vlieland, daar geldt een gemiddelde van 2,8 sigaretten per dag.

Effecten
Hoewel het letterlijk meeroken van sigaretten de laatste jaren over het algemeen minder voorkomt vanwege het rookverbod, worden nog steeds veel mensen blootgesteld aan ongezonde lucht.

"Het meeroken wordt tegenwoordig meer veroorzaakt door auto's, intensieve landbouw en kolencentrales dan door sigaretten", aldus woordvoerder van Milieudefensie Bram van Liere.

Het inademen van rook of vervuilde lucht brengt gezondheidsrisico's met zich mee. Het vergroot onder andere de kans op longkanker, hart- en vaatziekten, een lager geboortegewicht en een verminderde longfunctie bij kinderen.

Aangeklaagd
Eerder deze maand klaagde milieudefensie de staat aan in een poging om het recht op gezonde lucht af te dwingen.

Volgens de organisatie zijn er relatief eenvoudige maatregelen mogelijk om luchtkwaliteit te verbeteren, maar zijn er de afgelopen jaren juist stappen genomen die de kwaliteit doen verslechteren.

Rekenmethode
Om de vergelijking tussen luchtvervuiling en meeroken te kunnen maken werd door wetenschappers van de GGD Amsterdam, het RIVM en de Universiteit van Utrecht een wetenschappelijke rekenmethode ontwikkeld.

De gegevens over de gemeentelijke luchtkwaliteit komen van het RIVM.

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Regelmatig fietsen verlaagt risico op diabetes type 2

Mensen die regelmatig naar hun werk fietsen of voor hun plezier op de fiets zitten, ontwikkelen minder vaak diabetes type 2. Dat concluderen wetenschappers van de University of Southern Denmark na onderzoek onder ruim 50.000 Denen.
De studie is in het medische tijdschrift PLOS Medicine gepubliceerd.

De onderzoekers vroegen 24.623 mannen en 27.890 vrouwen van 50 tot en met 65 jaar naar hun leefstijl, waaronder hun fietsgewoontes. Bij aanvang van het onderzoek waren alle deelnemers gezond: ze kampten nog niet met diabetes type 2 of andere chronische ziektes.

Vijf jaar later werd opnieuw in kaart gebracht hoe vaak de deelnemers op de fiets zaten. Daarnaast bekeken de onderzoekers welke mannen en vrouwen inmiddels wel diabetes type 2 hadden gekregen.

Beginnen
Deelnemers die regelmatig waren gaan fietsen, bleken 20 procent minder kans te hebben op diabetes type 2. Hoe meer tijd de Denen op hun fiets doorbrachten, hoe kleiner hun risico op type 2-diabetes was.

"We vinden het vooral interessant dat degenen die waren begonnen met fietsen een lager risico hadden, bij een onderzochte populatie van middelbare leeftijd", zegt onderzoeker Martin Rasmussen. Dit resultaat benadrukt dat het ook op latere leeftijd nog zinvol is om te beginnen met bewegen.

Andere factoren
De onderzoekers corrigeerden hun resultaten voor andere factoren die het risico op diabetes type 2 beïnvloeden, zoals middelomtrek, eetgewoontes, alcoholgebruik, roken en andere vormen van beweging. Ze erkennen dat er nog meer factoren zijn die een rol kunnen spelen. Bovendien vonden ze alleen een verband tussen fietsen en diabetes, geen bewijs dat fietsen diabetes helpt voorkomen.

Kết quả (Anh) 1:

' Dutch smoking five cigarettes per day through polluted air ' Breathe the polluted air that Dutch is on average equal to five cigarettes a day.Environmental Defense is to come this calculation by means of ' scientific models '. In Rotterdam would be the worst air quality and is therefore as ' capital ' of Netherlands appointed Meerook.Inhabitants of Rotterdam would 6.7 average cigarettes per day second-hand smoke. The port city is followed by Rijswijk (6.6 cigarettes) and Schiedam (6.5 cigarettes).The air in Amsterdam and Utrecht is approximately on the same level of quality with an average of 6.4 of cigarettes a day. Most healthy air is found in the municipality of Vlieland, there is an average of 2.8 cigarettes per day.EffectsAlthough it literally second-hand smoke of cigarettes in recent years generally less prevalent because of the smoking ban, many people are still exposed to unhealthy air."It is nowadays more second-hand smoke caused by cars, intensive farming and coal-fired power plants than by cigarettes," said Environmental Defense spokesman Bram Vernon.Inhaling smoke or polluted air brings health risks. It increases, among other things, the risk of lung cancer, heart disease, low birth weight and reduced lung function in children.Being suedEnvironmental Defense the State complained earlier this month in an attempt to enforce the right to healthy air.According to the Organization, there are relatively simple measures possible in order to improve air quality, but in recent years taken steps that correct the quality do deteriorate.Calculation methodTo the comparison between air pollution and second-hand smoke to be able to make was by scientists of the GGD Amsterdam, RIVM and the University of Utrecht a scientific calculation method developed.The data on municipal air quality come from the RIVM.-----Regular cycling reduces risk of type 2 diabetesPeople who regularly bike to work or for their fun on the bike, less often develop type 2 diabetes. This is the conclusion scientists from the University of Southern Denmark after research among over 50,000 Danes.The study is published in the medical journal PLOS Medicine. The researchers asked the men and women of 27,890 24,623 50 to 65 years to their lifestyle, including their cycling habits. At the start of the study were all participants healthy: they were met not with type 2 diabetes or other chronic diseases. Five years later was again mapped out how often the participants were sitting on a bicycle. In addition, the researchers looked at what men and women by now had type 2 diabetes.StartParticipants who regularly were going cycling, turned out to be 20 percent less likely to have type 2 diabetes. The more time the Danes spent on their bikes, the lower their risk of type 2 diabetes."We find it particularly interesting that those who were had a lower risk, started cycling at a screened population of middle age", says researcher Martin Rasmussen. This result stresses that it is also at a later age still makes sense to start moving.Other factorsThe researchers corrected their results for other factors that affect the risk of type 2 diabetes, as medium outline, eating habits, alcohol consumption, smoking and other forms of movement. They recognize that there are even more factors that may play a role. In addition, they found only a link between cycling and diabetes, no evidence that cycling helps prevent diabetes.

Kết quả (Anh) 2:

'Dutch smoking five cigarettes per day along with polluted air "
The polluted air breathe Dutch state average equal to five cigarettes a day.
Friends of the Earth has come to this calculation through' scientific models. In Rotterdam, the air quality would be the worst and is therefore designated as 'Meerookhoofdstad' of the Netherlands.

Residents of Rotterdam would secondhand smoke an average of 6.7 cigarettes per day. The port city is followed by Rijswijk (6.6 cigarettes) and Schiedam (6.5 cigarettes).

The air in Amsterdam and Utrecht is about the same quality level with an average of 6.4 cigarettes per day. The most clean air can be found in the municipality Vlieland, there is an average of 2.8 cigarettes per day.

Effects
Although the literal second-hand smoke cigarettes occurs less in recent years, generally because of the smoking ban, many people still are exposed to unhealthy air.

"It is now more secondhand smoke caused by cars, intensive farming and coal-fired plants than cigarettes," said Friends of the Earth spokesman Bram van Cavaliere.

inhaling smoke or polluted air brings health risks with it. It increases include the risk of lung cancer, cardiovascular disease, lower birth weight and reduced lung function in children.

Indicted
Earlier this month, Friends of the Earth sued the state in an effort to enforce the right to healthy air.

, According to the organization relatively simple measures possible to improve air quality, but there are just taken steps in recent years to deteriorate the quality.

Calculation
for the comparison between air pollution and to make passive smoking was by scientists at the GGD Amsterdam, the RIVM and the University of Utrecht developed a scientific calculation.

the data on local air quality come from the RIVM.

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regular cycling reduces the risk of type 2 diabetes

People who cycle regularly to work or for fun on the bike, develop fewer diabetes type 2 is the conclusion of scientists from the University of Southern Denmark after survey of more than 50,000 Danes.
the study is published in the medical journal PLOS Medicine.

the researchers asked 24 623 men and 27 890 women aged 50 to 65 years to their lifestyle, including their cycling habits. At the start of the study, all participants were healthy they faced not with type 2 diabetes or other chronic diseases.

Five years later was re-charted how often the participants were on the bike. In addition, the researchers looked at which men and women now have diabetes had gotten two.

Start
Participants were regularly go biking, proved 20 percent less likely to have diabetes type 2. The more time the Danes spent on their bikes, the lower their risk had type 2 diabetes.

"We find it particularly interesting that those who started cycling had a lower risk, in a study population of middle age," said researcher Martin Rasmussen. This result emphasizes that it is still useful later in life to start moving.

Other factors
The researchers corrected their results for other factors that influence the risk of type 2 diabetes, such as waist circumference, diet, alcohol consumption, smoking and other forms of movement . They recognize that there are more factors that may play a role. Moreover, they found only an association between cycling and diabetes, no evidence that cycling helps prevent diabetes.

Kết quả (Anh) 3:

"dutch smoking five cigarettes per day by polluted air.the polluted air in the dutch state average equal to five cigarettes a day.epa has come to this calculation by means of scientific models. the air quality in rotterdam and the worst is that if meerookhoofdstad appointed "of the netherlands.residents of rotterdam would average 6.7 cigarettes per day, smoking. the port is followed by rijswijk (6.6 cigarettes) and schiedam (6.5 cigarettes).the air in amsterdam and utrecht is approximately the same quality with an average of 6.4 cigarettes per day. the most healthy air is found in the municipality vlieland, there is an average of 2.8 cigarettes per day.effectsalthough the smoking of cigarettes, literally the last years generally occurs less because of the smoking ban, many people are still exposed to unhealthy air."the smoke is more caused by cars, intensive agriculture and coal-fired power stations than cigarettes," said spokesman of epa, bram of private.the inhalation of smoke or polluted air carries health risks. the increase in the risk of lung cancer, cardiovascular disease, lower birth weight and impaired lung function in children.chargedearlier this month the state sued the epa in an attempt to enforce law on healthy air.according to the organization are relatively simple measures to improve air quality, but in recent years, there are steps that the quality deterioration.methodthe comparison between air pollution and smoking can make by scientists from the cdc amsterdam, the rp and the university of utrecht developed a scientific method.the data on the local air quality of the rivm.usregularly cycling reduces risk of type 2 diabetespeople who regularly ride to their work or for fun on the bike, less likely to develop type 2 diabetes. conclusion that scientists from the university of southern denmark after study over 50000 danes.the study is published in the medical journal plos medicine.the researchers asked men and women 24.623 27.890 50 to 65 years to their lifestyle, including their fietsgewoontes. at the start of the study, all participants were healthy: they were not with type 2 diabetes or other chronic diseases.five years later was re mapped how often the participants were on the bike. the researchers also looked at which men and women developed type 2 diabetes were given.startparticipants who were regularly go cycling, were 20% less likely to have type 2 diabetes. the more time spent on the bike, the danes, the lower their risk of type 2 diabetes."we find it particularly interesting that those who started with a lower risk of bicycles, in a study population of middle age," says researcher martin rasmussen. this result emphasises that it is useful in later age to start moving.other factorsthe researchers adjusted their results for other factors that affect the risk of type 2 diabetes, as middelomtrek, diet, alcohol consumption, smoking and other forms of movement. they recognize that more factors are likely to play a role. they also found a link between bicycles and cycling diabetes, no evidence that helps prevent diabetes.